Other Disorders of Optic Disc, Bilateral — Video Diversion During Fundoscopic Exam in Children
Citation(s)
Cok OY Anaesthesia for eye examination. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 2008 February 2009;20(1):46.
Colares V, Richman L Factors associated with uncooperative behavior by Brazilian preschool children in the dental office. ASDC J Dent Child. 2002 Jan-Apr;69(1):87-91, 13.
de la Barra F, Toledo V, RodrÃguez J Prediction of behavioral problems in Chilean schoolchildren. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2005 Spring;35(3):227-43.
Hussein MA, Coats DK, Paysse EA Use of the RetCam 120 for fundus evaluation in uncooperative children. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Feb;137(2):354-5.
Jan MM Neurological examination of difficult and poorly cooperative children. J Child Neurol. 2007 Oct;22(10):1209-13. Review.
Video Diversion During Fundoscopic Exam in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
