Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm — Effectiveness of Combining Light and Non-Light Treatments for Jet Lag and Sleep Disorders
Citation(s)
Barger LK, Wright KP Jr, Hughes RJ, Czeisler CA Daily exercise facilitates phase delays of circadian melatonin rhythm in very dim light. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jun;286(6):R1077-84. Epub 2004 Mar 18.
Duffy JF, Wright KP Jr Entrainment of the human circadian system by light. J Biol Rhythms. 2005 Aug;20(4):326-38. Review.
Wright KP Jr, Czeisler CA Absence of circadian phase resetting in response to bright light behind the knees. Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):571.
Wright KP Jr, Gronfier C, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA Intrinsic period and light intensity determine the phase relationship between melatonin and sleep in humans. J Biol Rhythms. 2005 Apr;20(2):168-77.
Wright KP Jr, Myers BL, Plenzler SC, Drake CL, Badia P Acute effects of bright light and caffeine on nighttime melatonin and temperature levels in women taking and not taking oral contraceptives. Brain Res. 2000 Aug 11;873(2):310-7.
Circadian Integration of Photic and Non-photic Stimuli
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
