Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive — A Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Depression and Anxiety in COPD
Citation(s)
Burgess A, Kunik ME, Stanley MA Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: assessing and treating psychological issues in patients with COPD. Geriatrics. 2005 Dec;60(12):18-21.
Cully JA, Graham DP, Stanley MA, Kunik ME Depressed and Anxious COPD Patients: Predictors of Psychotherapy Engagement from a Clinical Trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. 2007 Jan 1; 14:160-164.
Ferguson CJ, Stanley M, Souchek J, Kunik ME The utility of somatic symptoms as indicators of depression and anxiety in military veterans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(1):42-9.
Kraus CA, Kunik ME, Stanley MA Use of cognitive behavioral therapy in late-life psychiatric disorders. Geriatrics. 2007 Jun;62(6):21-6. Review.
Stanley MA, Veazey C, Hopko D, Diefenback G, Kunik ME Anxiety and Depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a new intervention and case report. Cognitive and behavioral practice. 2005 Dec 1; 12(4):424-436.
A Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Depression and Anxiety in COPD
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
