Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent — Education and Group Support for Diabetic Hispanics
Citation(s)
Brown SA, Hanis CL A community-based, culturally sensitive education and group-support intervention for Mexican Americans with NIDDM: a pilot study of efficacy. Diabetes Educ. 1995 May-Jun;21(3):203-10.
Brown SA, Hanis CL Culturally competent diabetes education for Mexican Americans: the Starr County Study. Diabetes Educ. 1999 Mar-Apr;25(2):226-36.
Brown SA, Upchurch SL, Garcia AA, Barton SA, Hanis CL Symptom-related self-care of Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes: preliminary findings of the Starr County Diabetes Education Study. Diabetes Educ. 1998 May-Jun;24(3):331-9.
Brown SA Meta-analysis of diabetes patient education research: variations in intervention effects across studies. Res Nurs Health. 1992 Dec;15(6):409-19.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
