Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw — Bisphosphonate-Associated Jaw Osteonecrosis and PET Imaging
Citation(s)
1 Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Bisphosphonates 2005. NEJM 353: 99-102. 2. Marx RE. 2003 Pamidronate (AREDIA) and Zoledronate (ZOMETA) induced avascular necrosis of the jaws: a growing epidemic J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:1115-1118 3. Hellstein JW, Marek CL. 2005. Bisphosphonate Osteochemonecrosis (Bis-Phossy Jaw): Is This Phossy Jaw of the 21st Century? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63: 682-689. 4. Ruggiero SL, Mehrotra B, Rosenberg TJ, Engroff SL. 2004. Osteonecrosis of the Jaws Associated With the Use of Bisphosphonates: A Review of 63 Cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:527-534. 5. Clarke BM, Boyette JR, Vural EA, Suen JY, Anaisse EJ, Stack BC. Bisphosphonates and Jaw Osteonecrosis: Our Experience. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Mar;136(3):396-400.
Bisphosphonate-Associated Jaw Osteonecrosis and PET Imaging
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
