Osteoporosis — Effects of Jumping on Growing Bones
Citation(s)
Bauer J, Smith G, Snow CM Quantifying force magnitude and loading rate from drop landings that induce osteogenesis. J Appl Biomech, 17(2):142-152, 2001
Fuchs RK, Bauer JJ, Snow CM Jumping improves hip and lumbar spine bone mass in prepubescent children: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Jan;16(1):148-56.
Fuchs RK, Snow CM Gains in hip bone mass from high-impact training are maintained: a randomized controlled trial in children. J Pediatr. 2002 Sep;141(3):357-62.
McKay HA, Petit MA, Bailey DA, Wallace WM, Schutz RW, Khan KM Analysis of proximal femur DXA scans in growing children: comparisons of different protocols for cross-sectional 8-month and 7-year longitudinal data. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Jun;15(6):1181-8.
McKay HA, Petit MA, Khan KM, Schutz RW Lifestyle determinants of bone mineral: a comparison between prepubertal Asian- and Caucasian-Canadian boys and girls. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000 May;66(5):320-4.
McKay HA, Petit MA, Schutz RW, Prior JC, Barr SI, Khan KM Augmented trochanteric bone mineral density after modified physical education classes: a randomized school-based exercise intervention study in prepubescent and early pubescent children. J Pediatr. 2000 Feb;136(2):156-62.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
