Osteoarthritis, Knee — Radiofrequency For Chronic Knee Pain Post-Arthroplasty
Citation(s)
Al-Hadithy N, Rozati H, Sewell MD, Dodds AL, Brooks P, Chatoo M Causes of a painful total knee arthroplasty. Are patients still receiving total knee arthroplasty for extrinsic pathologies? Int Orthop. 2012 Jun;36(6):1185-9. doi: 10.1007/s00264-011-1473-6. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Choi WJ, Hwang SJ, Song JG, Leem JG, Kang YU, Park PH, Shin JW Radiofrequency treatment relieves chronic knee osteoarthritis pain: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2011 Mar;152(3):481-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.029. Epub 2010 Nov 4.
Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Apr;89(4):780-5.
Nikolaou VS, Chytas D, Babis GC Common controversies in total knee replacement surgery: Current evidence. World J Orthop. 2014 Sep 18;5(4):460-8. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i4.460. eCollection 2014 Sep 18. Review.
Radiofrequency For The Treatment Of Chronic Knee Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.