Osteo Arthritis Knee — Effects of Compression Mobilization in OA Patients
Citation(s)
Berenbaum F Osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease (osteoarthritis is not osteoarthrosis!). Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2013 Jan;21(1):16-21. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.11.012. Epub 2012 Nov 27. Review.
Blagojevic M, Jinks C, Jeffery A, Jordan KP Risk factors for onset of osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010 Jan;18(1):24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.08.010. Epub 2009 Sep 2. Review.
Brandt KD, Fife RS, Braunstein EM, Katz B Radiographic grading of the severity of knee osteoarthritis: relation of the Kellgren and Lawrence grade to a grade based on joint space narrowing, and correlation with arthroscopic evidence of articular cartilage degeneration. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 Nov;34(11):1381-6.
Rhon D Re: Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008;16:137-62. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Dec;16(12):1585; author reply 1589. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.04.019. Epub 2008 Jun 2.
Takasaki H, Hall T, Jull G Immediate and short-term effects of Mulligan's mobilization with movement on knee pain and disability associated with knee osteoarthritis--a prospective case series. Physiother Theory Pract. 2013 Feb;29(2):87-95. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2012.702854. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.