Orthodontics — The Accuracy of Direct Digital Intra-oral Scanning Measurements Compared to Measurements on Study Models
Citation(s)
Bell A, Ayoub AF, Siebert P Assessment of the accuracy of a three-dimensional imaging system for archiving dental study models. J Orthod. 2003 Sep;30(3):219-23.
Fleming PS, Marinho V, Johal A Orthodontic measurements on digital study models compared with plaster models: a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011 Feb;14(1):1-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2010.01503.x. Epub 2010 Nov 22. Review.
Machen DE Legal aspects of orthodontic practice: risk management concepts. The diagnostic dilemma. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991 Apr;99(4):381-2.
Mayers M, Firestone AR, Rashid R, Vig KW Comparison of peer assessment rating (PAR) index scores of plaster and computer-based digital models. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Oct;128(4):431-4.
Meyer BJ, Mörmann WH, Lutz F [Optimization of the powder application in the Cerec method with environment-friendly propellant systems]. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 1990;100(12):1462-8. German.
Pani SC, Hedge AM Impressions in cleft lip and palate--a novel two stage technique. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2008 Winter;33(2):93-6.
Sousa MV, Vasconcelos EC, Janson G, Garib D, Pinzan A Accuracy and reproducibility of 3-dimensional digital model measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 Aug;142(2):269-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.12.028.
Zilberman O, Huggare JA, Parikakis KA Evaluation of the validity of tooth size and arch width measurements using conventional and three-dimensional virtual orthodontic models. Angle Orthod. 2003 Jun;73(3):301-6.
The Accuracy of Direct Digital Intra-oral Scanning Measurements Compared to Measurements on Study Models
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
