Oral Disease — Effect of Different Cleaning Regimes on Biofilm Formation of Acrylic Based Removable Orthodontic Appliance
Citation(s)
Albanna RH, Farawanah HM, Aldrees AM Microbial evaluation of the effectiveness of different methods for cleansing clear orthodontic retainers: A randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2017 May;87(3):460-465. doi: 10.2319/072916-585.1. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
Lima EM, Moura JS, Del Bel Cury AA, Garcia RC, Cury JA Effect of enzymatic and NaOCl treatments on acrylic roughness and on biofilm accumulation. J Oral Rehabil. 2006 May;33(5):356-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01564.x.
Pathak AK, Sharma DS Biofilm associated microorganisms on removable oral orthodontic appliances in children in the mixed dentition. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013 Spring;37(3):335-9. doi: 10.17796/jcpd.37.3.92230h6256v8697t.
Schwindling FS, Rammelsberg P, Stober T Effect of chemical disinfection on the surface roughness of hard denture base materials: a systematic literature review. Int J Prosthodont. 2014 May-Jun;27(3):215-25. doi: 10.11607/ijp.3759.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
