Opsoclonus-myoclonus Syndrome — Study of Cytokines in Children With Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Citation(s)
Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, Hoefgen ER, Swan JA, Colliver JA Therapeutic down-regulation of central and peripheral B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) production in pediatric opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Cytokine. 2008 Oct;44(1):26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.06.001. Epub 2008 Aug 9.
Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, McGee NR, Colliver JA, Ransohoff RM CCR4 agonists CCL22 and CCL17 are elevated in pediatric OMS sera: rapid and selective down-regulation of CCL22 by ACTH or corticosteroids. J Clin Immunol. 2013 May;33(4):817-25. doi: 10.1007/s1
Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, McGee NR, Colliver JA Cytokines, cytokine antagonists, and soluble adhesion molecules in pediatric OMS and other neuroinflammatory disorders. J Neurol Sci. 2013 Mar 15;326(1-2):53-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.01.011. Epub 2013 Feb
Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, McGee NR, Colliver JA Pediatric reference ranges for proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid and serum by multiplexed immunoassay. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2013 Sep;33(9):523-8. doi: 10.1089/jir.2
Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, McGee NR, Ransohoff RM CCR7 signaling in pediatric opsoclonus-myoclonus: upregulated serum CCL21 expression is steroid-responsive. Cytokine. 2013 Oct;64(1):331-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.020. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
