Opioid Use — Regional Anesthesia for Cardiothoracic Enhanced Recovery (RACER) Study
Citation(s)
Agarwal HS, Wolfram KB, Saville BR, Donahue BS, Bichell DP Postoperative complications and association with outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Aug;148(2):609-16.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.10.031. Epub 2013 Nov 23.
Anand KJ, Hickey PR Halothane-morphine compared with high-dose sufentanil for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in neonatal cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 1992 Jan 2;326(1):1-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199201023260101.
Bhalla AK, Yehya N, Mack WJ, Wilson ML, Khemani RG, Newth CJL The Association Between Inhaled Nitric Oxide Treatment and ICU Mortality and 28-Day Ventilator-Free Days in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2018 Nov;46(11):1803-1810. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003312.
Brix-Christensen V The systemic inflammatory response after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Jul;45(6):671-9. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045006671.x.
Hickey PR, Hansen DD High-dose fentanyl reduces intraoperative ventricular fibrillation in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Clin Anesth. 1991 Jul-Aug;3(4):295-300. doi: 10.1016/0952-8180(91)90223-a.
Kain ZN, Fitch JC, Kirsch JR, Mets B, Pearl RG Future of anesthesiology is perioperative medicine: a call for action. Anesthesiology. 2015 Jun;122(6):1192-5. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000680. No abstract available. Erratum In: Anesthesiology. 2015 Aug;123(2):492.
Kose HC, Kose SG, Thomas DT Lumbar versus thoracic erector spinae plane block: Similar nomenclature, different mechanism of action. J Clin Anesth. 2018 Aug;48:1. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.03.026. Epub 2018 Apr 9. No abstract available.
Pollak U, Serraf A Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Pain Management: After 40 Years in the Desert, Have We Reached the Promised Land? World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2018 May;9(3):315-325. doi: 10.1177/2150135118755977.
Tsui BCH, Navaratnam M, Boltz G, Maeda K, Caruso TJ Bilateral automatized intermittent bolus erector spinae plane analgesic blocks for sternotomy in a cardiac patient who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass: A new era of Cardiac Regional Anesthesia. J Clin Anesth. 2018 Aug;48:9-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 May 26. No abstract available.
Regional Anesthesia for Cardiothoracic Enhanced Recovery (RACER) for Patients Undergoing Sternotomy for Congenital Heart Repair
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.