Opioid Use — Opioid Education in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Citation(s)
Egan KG, De Souza M, Muenks E, Nazir N, Korentager R Opioid Consumption Following Breast Surgery Decreases with a Brief Educational Intervention: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020 Sep;27(9):3156-3162. doi: 10.1245/s10434-020-08432-7. E
Horn A, Kaneshiro K, Tsui BCH Preemptive and Preventive Pain Psychoeducation and Its Potential Application as a Multimodal Perioperative Pain Control Option: A Systematic Review. Anesth Analg. 2020 Mar;130(3):559-573. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004319.
Lee BH, Wu CL Educating Patients Regarding Pain Management and Safe Opioid Use After Surgery: A Narrative Review. Anesth Analg. 2020 Mar;130(3):574-581. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004436.
Osterberg L, Blaschke T Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 4;353(5):487-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra050100. No abstract available.
Stepan JG, Sacks HA, Verret CI, Wessel LE, Kumar K, Fufa DT Standardized Perioperative Patient Education Decreases Opioid Use after Hand Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Feb 1;147(2):409-418. doi: 10.1097/PRS.000000000000
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
