Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) — Metabolic Study of Sleep Apnea in Men and Women
Citation(s)
Knutson KL, Ryden AM, Mander BA, Van Cauter E Role of sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Sep 18;166(16):1768-74.
Tasali E, Leproult R, Ehrmann DA, Van Cauter E Slow-wave sleep and the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 22;105(3):1044-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706446105. Epub 2008 Jan 2.
Tasali E, Mokhlesi B, Van Cauter E Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes: interacting epidemics. Chest. 2008 Feb;133(2):496-506. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-0828. Review.
Tasali E, Van Cauter E, Ehrmann DA Relationships between sleep disordered breathing and glucose metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jan;91(1):36-42. Epub 2005 Oct 11.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
