Obesity — Biological Sample Repository for Gastrointestinal Disorders
Citation(s)
Anderson JW, Konz EC, Frederich RC, Wood CL Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Nov;74(5):579-84. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/74.5.579.
Dixon JB, Lambert GW The obesity paradox--a reality that requires explanation and clinical interpretation. Atherosclerosis. 2013 Jan;226(1):47-8. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.005. Epub 2012 Nov 15. No abstract available.
Dolan RD, Schulman AR Endoscopic Approaches to Obesity Management. Annu Rev Med. 2022 Jan 27;73:423-438. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-125832. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 Sep-Oct;28(5):w822-31. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.w822. Epub 2009 Jul 27.
Guyenet SJ, Schwartz MW Clinical review: Regulation of food intake, energy balance, and body fat mass: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Mar;97(3):745-55. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2525. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Jirapinyo P, Thompson CC Primary Bariatric Procedures. Dig Dis Sci. 2022 May;67(5):1674-1687. doi: 10.1007/s10620-022-07393-z. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Perdomo CM, Cohen RV, Sumithran P, Clement K, Fruhbeck G Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults. Lancet. 2023 Apr 1;401(10382):1116-1130. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02403-5. Epub 2023 Feb 9.
Powell AG, Apovian CM, Aronne LJ New drug targets for the treatment of obesity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jul;90(1):40-51. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.82. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
Qureshi H, Saeed N, Jovani M Updates in Endoscopic Bariatric and Metabolic Therapies. J Clin Med. 2023 Jan 31;12(3):1126. doi: 10.3390/jcm12031126.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
