Baruth M, Sharpe PA, Parra-Medina D, Wilcox S Perceived barriers to exercise and healthy eating among women from disadvantaged neighborhoods: results from a focus groups assessment. Women Health. 2014;54(4):336-53. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2014.896443.
Blow JA, Taylor T, Cooper TV, Redfearn CK Correlates of weight concern and control in a Hispanic college student sample. Eat Behav. 2010 Jan;11(1):6-10. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.08.001. Epub 2009 Aug 18.
Bohrer BK, Forbush KT, Hunt TK Are common measures of dietary restraint and disinhibited eating reliable and valid in obese persons? Appetite. 2015 Apr;87:344-51. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.226. Epub 2015 Jan 9.
Bray GA Obesity--a disease of nutrient or energy balance? Nutr Rev. 1987 Feb;45(2):33-43. Review.
Brown SP, Eason JM, Miller WC Ergometer and calorimetry: the measurement of work and energy. In: Brown SP, Eason JM, Miller WC. Exercise physiology: basis of human movement in health and disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
Cash TF, Morrow JA, Hrabosky JI, Perry AA How has body image changed? A cross-sectional investigation of college women and men from 1983 to 2001. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Dec;72(6):1081-1089. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.6.1081.
Crisp NA, Guelfi KJ, Braham R, Licari M Substrate oxidation in overweight boys at rest, during exercise and acute post-exercise recovery. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011 Jun;6(2-2):e615-21. doi: 10.3109/17477166.2010.543684. Epub 2011 Jan 18.
DiBonaventura Md, Chapman GB The effect of barrier underestimation on weight management and exercise change. Psychol Health Med. 2008 Jan;13(1):111-22.
Dishman RK, Steinhardt M Reliability and concurrent validity for a 7-d re-call of physical activity in college students. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988 Feb;20(1):14-25. Erratum in: Med Sci Sports Exerc 1988 Apr;20(2):211.
Draper CE, Davidowitz KJ, Goedecke JH Perceptions relating to body size, weight loss and weight-loss interventions in black South African women: a qualitative study. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Feb;19(3):548-56. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015001688. Epub 2015 May 26.
Guarino D, Nannipieri M, Iervasi G, Taddei S, Bruno RM The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Pathophysiology of Obesity. Front Physiol. 2017 Sep 14;8:665. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00665. eCollection 2017. Review.
Heart rate variability Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J. 1996 Mar;17(3):354-81.
Hruby A, Hu FB The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015 Jul;33(7):673-89. doi: 10.1007/s40273-014-0243-x. Review.
Jackson AS, Pollock ML, Graves JE, Mahar MT Reliability and validity of bioelectrical impedance in determining body composition. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Feb;64(2):529-34.
Jung JY, Park SK, Oh CM, Ryoo JH, Choi JM, Choi YJ The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the categories of body mass index: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Acta Diabetol. 2018 May;55(5):479-484. doi: 10.1007/s00592-018-1112-4. Epub 2018 Feb 17.
Karlsson J, Persson LO, Sjöström L, Sullivan M Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in obese men and women. Results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Dec;24(12):1715-25.
Katzmarzyk PT, Pérusse L, Tremblay A, Bouchard C No association between resting metabolic rate or respiratory exchange ratio and subsequent changes in body mass and fatness: 5-1/2 year follow-up of the Québec family study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;54(8):610-4.
Layden JD, Patterson MJ, Nimmo MA Effects of reduced ambient temperature on fat utilization during submaximal exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 May;34(5):774-9.
Lee YS, Chu CY, Lin KF Application of Physical Activity Scales/Questionnaires in Taiwan. J Exerc Physiol Fit. 2010;11:1-12.
Leung AWY, Chan RSM, Sea MMM, Woo J An Overview of Factors Associated with Adherence to Lifestyle Modification Programs for Weight Management in Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Aug 16;14(8). pii: E922. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080922. Review.
Lukaski HC, Bolonchuk WW, Hall CB, Siders WA Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986 Apr;60(4):1327-32.
Manore MM, Meyer N, Thompson JL Energy and nutrient balance. In: Manore MM, Meyer N, Thompson JL. Sport nutrition for health and performance. 2nd ed. Illinois: Human Kinetics; 2009.
Martins C, Kazakova I, Ludviksen M, Mehus I, Wisloff U, Kulseng B, Morgan L, King N High-Intensity Interval Training and Isocaloric Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Result in Similar Improvements in Body Composition and Fitness in Obese Individuals. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016 Jun;26(3):197-204. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0078. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
Maust D, Cristancho M, Gray L, Rushing S, Tjoa C, Thase ME Psychiatric Rating Scale. In: Schlaepfer TE, Nemeroff CB, editors. Handbook of clinical neurology, vol. 106 (3rd series): neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2012.
McGuire MT, Wing RR, Klem ML, Lang W, Hill JO What predicts weight regain in a group of successful weight losers? . J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999 Apr;67(2):177-85. Erratum in: J Consult Clin Psychol 1999 Jun;67(3):282.
Plowman SA, Smith DL Aerobic metabolism during exercise. In: Plowman SA, Smith DL. Exercise physiology for health, fitness, and performance. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
Rodríguez-Colón SM, Bixler EO, Li X, Vgontzas AN, Liao D Obesity is associated with impaired cardiac autonomic modulation in children. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011 Apr;6(2):128-34. doi: 10.3109/17477166.2010.490265. Epub 2010 Oct 4.
Sarwer DB, von Sydow Green A, Vetter ML, Wadden TA Behavior therapy for obesity: where are we now? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Oct;16(5):347-52. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32832f5a79. Review.
Scheffers M, van Duijn MAJ, Bosscher RJ, Wiersma D, Schoevers RA, van Busschbach JT Psychometric properties of the Dresden Body Image Questionnaire: A multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis across sex and age in a Dutch non-clinical sample. PLoS One. 2017 Jul 26;12(7):e0181908. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181908. eCollection 2017.
Schmidt SL, Kealey EH, Horton TJ, VonKaenel S, Bessesen DH The effects of short-term overfeeding on energy expenditure and nutrient oxidation in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant individuals. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Sep;37(9):1192-7. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.202. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
Stunkard AJ, Messick S The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res. 1985;29(1):71-83.
Sudarsana U, Shrestha S, Kumar P Comparative analysis of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Int J Med Res Prof. 2017;3;234-9.
Thompson JK, Altabe MN Psychometric qualities of the Figure Rating Scale. Int J Eat Disord. 1991;10:615-9.
Tian S, Xu Y, Dong H The effect of metabolic health and obesity phenotypes on risk of hypertension: A nationwide population-based study using 5 representative definitions of metabolic health. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Sep;97(38):e12425. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012425.
Valtueña S, Salas-Salvadó J, Lorda PG The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997 Sep;21(9):811-7.
Wang ML, Lin PL, Huang CH, Huang HH Decreased Parasympathetic Activity of Heart Rate Variability During Anticipation of Night Duty in Anesthesiology Residents. Anesth Analg. 2018 Mar;126(3):1013-1018. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002439.
Weinberger NA, Kersting A, Riedel-Heller SG, Luck-Sikorski C Body Dissatisfaction in Individuals with Obesity Compared to Normal-Weight Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Facts. 2016;9(6):424-441. doi: 10.1159/000454837. Epub 2016 Dec 24. Review.
Yadav RL, Yadav PK, Yadav LK, Agrawal K, Sah SK, Islam MN Association between obesity and heart rate variability indices: an intuition toward cardiac autonomic alteration - a risk of CVD. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2017 Feb 17;10:57-64. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S123935. eCollection 2017.
Yoshida T, Kemnitz JW, Bray GA Lateral hypothalamic lesions and norepinephrine turnover in rats. J Clin Invest. 1983 Sep;72(3):919-27.
Zumoff B, Strain GW, Miller LK, Rosner W Twenty-four-hour mean plasma testosterone concentration declines with age in normal premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Apr;80(4):1429-30.
Factors Associated With Obesity in Adult Women: Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Heart Rate Variation and Body Image
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.