Obesity — EMPOWER-PULM (PULMonary Outcomes in Older Adults Empowered With Movement to Prevent Obesity and Weight Regain)
Citation(s)
Alley DE, Chang VW The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988-2004. JAMA. 2007 Nov 7;298(17):2020-7.
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Obesity Expert Panel, 2013 Executive summary: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Obesity Society published by the Obesity Society and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Based on a systematic review from the The Obesity Expert Panel, 2013. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Jul;22 Suppl 2:S5-39. doi: 10.1002/oby.20821. Review.
Babb TG, Ranasinghe KG, Comeau LA, Semon TL, Schwartz B Dyspnea on exertion in obese women: association with an increased oxygen cost of breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Jul 15;178(2):116-23. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200706-875OC. Epub 2008 Apr 17.
Bastien CH, Vallières A, Morin CM Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med. 2001 Jul;2(4):297-307.
Bhammar DM, Stickford JL, Bernhardt V, Babb TG Effect of weight loss on operational lung volumes and oxygen cost of breathing in obese women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2016 Jun;40(6):998-1004. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.21. Epub 2016 Feb 12.
Çolak Y, Afzal S, Lange P, Nordestgaard BG Obese individuals experience wheezing without asthma but not asthma without wheezing: a Mendelian randomisation study of 85,437 adults from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Thorax. 2016 Mar;71(3):247-54. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207379. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
Cooper BG An update on contraindications for lung function testing. Thorax. 2011 Aug;66(8):714-23. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.139881. Epub 2010 Jul 29. Review.
Held M, Mittnacht M, Kolb M, Karl S, Jany B Pulmonary and cardiac function in asymptomatic obese subjects and changes following a structured weight reduction program: a prospective observational study. PLoS One. 2014 Sep 18;9(9):e107480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107480. eCollection 2014.
Jones RL, Nzekwu MM The effects of body mass index on lung volumes. Chest. 2006 Sep;130(3):827-33.
Karason K, Lindroos AK, Stenlöf K, Sjöström L Relief of cardiorespiratory symptoms and increased physical activity after surgically induced weight loss: results from the Swedish Obese Subjects study. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jun 26;160(12):1797-802.
Lazarus R, Sparrow D, Weiss ST Effects of obesity and fat distribution on ventilatory function: the normative aging study. Chest. 1997 Apr;111(4):891-8.
Tashkin DP, Altose MD, Connett JE, Kanner RE, Lee WW, Wise RA Methacholine reactivity predicts changes in lung function over time in smokers with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lung Health Study Research Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Jun;153(6 Pt 1):1802-11.
Vásquez E, Batsis JA, Germain CM, Shaw BA Impact of obesity and physical activity on functional outcomes in the elderly: data from NHANES 2005-2010. J Aging Health. 2014 Sep;26(6):1032-46. doi: 10.1177/0898264314535635. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Wei YF, Tseng WK, Huang CK, Tai CM, Hsuan CF, Wu HD Surgically induced weight loss, including reduction in waist circumference, is associated with improved pulmonary function in obese patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2011 Sep-Oct;7(5):599-604. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2011.04.221. Epub 2011 Apr 19.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.