Golan M, Weizman A, Apter A, Fainaru M Parents as the exclusive agents of change in the treatment of childhood obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jun;67(6):1130-5.
Golley RK, Magarey AM, Baur LA, Steinbeck KS, Daniels LA Twelve-month effectiveness of a parent-led, family-focused weight-management program for prepubertal children: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2007 Mar;119(3):517-25.
Spivack JG, Swietlik M, Alessandrini E, Faith MS Primary care providers' knowledge, practices, and perceived barriers to the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jul;18(7):1341-7. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.410. Epub 2009 Nov 12.
Vartanian VE, Bublik VG [Late results of correction of flatfoot in children using an electro-myostimulation method]. Ortop Travmatol Protez. 1989 Feb;(2):26-9. Russian.
Wachs JE Strategies to develop "interconnectedness". Part II Connection within the community. AAOHN J. 1992 Mar;40(3):144-6.
Wald ER, Moyer SC, Eickhoff J, Ewing LJ Treating childhood obesity in primary care. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2011 Nov;50(11):1010-7. doi: 10.1177/0009922811410871. Epub 2011 Jun 6.
An Interactive Web-based Intervention to Achieve Healthy Weight in Young Children
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
