Obesity — Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study
Citation(s)
Donahue RP, Prineas RJ, Gomez O, Hong CP Familial resemblance of body fat distribution: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Mar;16(3):161-7.
Donahue RP, Prineas RJ, Gomez O, Hong CP Tracking of elevated systolic blood pressure among lean and overweight adolescents: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. J Hypertens. 1994 Mar;12(3):303-8.
Folsom AR, Prineas RJ Drinking water composition and blood pressure: a review of the epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Jun;115(6):818-32. Review.
Gillum RF, Elmer PJ, Prineas RJ Changing sodium intake in children. The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. Hypertension. 1981 Nov-Dec;3(6):698-703.
Gillum RF, Gomez-Marin O, Prineas RJ Discrepancies in racial designations of school children in Minneapolis. Public Health Rep. 1988 Sep-Oct;103(5):485-8.
Gillum RF, Gomez-Marin O, Prineas RJ Racial differences in personality, behavior, and family environment in Minneapolis school children. J Natl Med Assoc. 1984 Nov;76(11):1097-105.
Gillum RF, Prineas RJ, Elmer PJ Assessing sodium and potassium intake in essential hypertension. Am Heart J. 1984 Mar;107(3):549-55.
Gillum RF, Prineas RJ, Gomez-Marin O, Chang PN, Finn S Recent life events in school children: race, socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular risk factors. The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. J Chronic Dis. 1984;37(11):839-51.
Gillum RF, Prineas RJ, Gomez-Marin O, Finn S, Chang PN Personality, behavior, family environment, family social status and hypertension risk factors in children. The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. J Chronic Dis. 1985;38(2):187-94.
Gillum RF, Prineas RJ, Horibe H Maturation vs age: assessing blood pressure by height. J Natl Med Assoc. 1982 Jan;74(1):43-6.
Gómez-Marín O, Prineas RJ, Råstam L Cuff bladder width and blood pressure measurement in children and adolescents. J Hypertens. 1992 Oct;10(10):1235-41.
Lee DJ, Gomez-Marin O, Prineas RJ Type A behavior pattern and change in blood pressure from childhood to adolescence. The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jan 1;143(1):63-72.
Munger RG, Prineas RJ, Gomez-Marin O Persistent elevation of blood pressure among children with a family history of hypertension: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. J Hypertens. 1988 Aug;6(8):647-53.
Prineas RJ, Gillum RF: U S. Epidemiology of Hypertension in Blacks. In: Hall WD, Saunders E, Shulman NB (Eds). Hypertension in Blacks. New York Medical Publishers, Inc, Chicago, 17-36, 1985
Prineas RJ, Gomez-Marin O, Sinaiko AR Electrolytes and blood pressure levels in childhood hypertension: measurement and change. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1986;8(4-5):583-604.
Prineas RJ, Jacobs D Quality of Korotkoff sounds: bell vs diaphragm, cubital fossa vs brachial artery. Prev Med. 1983 Sep;12(5):715-9.
Prineas RJ Measurement of blood pressure in the obese. Ann Epidemiol. 1991 May;1(4):321-36. Review.
Råstam L, Prineas RJ, Gomez-Marin O Ratio of cuff width/arm circumference as a determinant of arterial blood pressure measurements in adults. J Intern Med. 1990 Apr;227(4):225-32.
Sinaiko AR, Bass J, Gomez-Marin O, Prineas RJ Cardiac status of adolescents tracking with high and low blood pressure since early childhood. J Hypertens Suppl. 1986 Dec;4(5):S378-80.
Sinaiko AR, Donahue RP, Jacobs DR Jr, Prineas RJ Relation of weight and rate of increase in weight during childhood and adolescence to body size, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and lipids in young adults. The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. Circulation. 1999 Mar 23;99(11):1471-6.
Tell GS, Prineas RJ, Gomez-Marin O Postural changes in blood pressure and pulse rate among black adolescents and white adolescents: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1988 Aug;128(2):360-9.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.