Obesity — Correction of Vitamin D Levels and Its Effect on Insulin Resistance and Weight Gain in Obese Youth
Citation(s)
Alemzadeh R, Kichler J, Babar G, Calhoun M Hypovitaminosis D in obese children and adolescents: relationship with adiposity, insulin sensitivity, ethnicity, and season. Metabolism. 2008 Feb;57(2):183-91. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.08.023.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):18-28. Review. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov;84(5):1253. Dosage error in published abstract; MEDLINE/PubMed abstract corrected. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):809. Dosage error in published abstract; MEDLINE/PubMed abstract corrected.
Mansbach JM, Ginde AA, Camargo CA Jr Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among US children aged 1 to 11 years: do children need more vitamin D? Pediatrics. 2009 Nov;124(5):1404-10. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2041. Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2009 Dec;124(6):1709.
Nagpal J, Pande JN, Bhartia A A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the short-term effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy, middle-aged, centrally obese men. Diabet Med. 2009 Jan;26(1):19-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02636.x.
Olson ML, Maalouf NM, Oden JD, White PC, Hutchison MR Vitamin D deficiency in obese children and its relationship to glucose homeostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jan;97(1):279-85. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1507. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
von Hurst PR, Stonehouse W, Coad J Vitamin D supplementation reduces insulin resistance in South Asian women living in New Zealand who are insulin resistant and vitamin D deficient - a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2010 Feb;103(4):549-55. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509992017. Epub 2009 Sep 28.
Normalization of Vitamin D Levels and Its Effect on Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Youth
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
