Nutritional Requirements — Study on Dietary Intake Levels of Iodine for 3-6 Years Old Pre-school Children
Citation(s)
Andersen S, Noahsen P, Westergaard L, Laurberg P Reliability of thyroglobulin in serum compared with urinary iodine when assessing individual and population iodine nutrition status. Br J Nutr. 2017 Feb;117(3):441-449. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517000162. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Bougma K, Aboud FE, Harding KB, Marquis GS Iodine and mental development of children 5 years old and under: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1384-416. doi: 10.3390/nu5041384. Erratum In: Nutrients. 2014 Dec;6(12):5770-1.
DU Y, Gao YH, Feng ZY, Meng FG, Fan LJ, Sun DJ Serum Thyroglobulin-A Sensitive Biomarker of Iodine Nutrition Status and Affected by Thyroid Abnormalities and Disease in Adult Populations. Biomed Environ Sci. 2017 Jul;30(7):508-516. doi: 10.3967/bes2017.067.
Gardner DF, Centor RM, Utiger RD Effects of low dose oral iodide supplementation on thyroid function in normal men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1988 Mar;28(3):283-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1988.tb01214.x.
Harika R, Faber M, Samuel F, Mulugeta A, Kimiywe J, Eilander A Are Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and Adolescents? Food Nutr Bull. 2017 Sep;38(3):405-427. doi: 10.1177/0379572117715818. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
Lee J, Kim JH, Lee SY, Lee JH Iodine status in Korean preschool children as determined by urinary iodine excretion. Eur J Nutr. 2014;53(2):683-8. doi: 10.1007/s00394-013-0558-y. Epub 2013 Jul 24. Erratum In: Eur J Nutr. 2014 Mar;53(2):689. Lee, Jeehhun [corrected to Lee, Jeehun].
Lee SY, Pearce EN Reproductive endocrinology: Iodine intake in pregnancy--even a little excess is too much. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015 May;11(5):260-1. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.28. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
Malvaux P, Beckers C, De Visscher M Iodine balance studies in nongoitrous children and in adolescents on low iodine intake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1969 Jan;29(1):79-84. doi: 10.1210/jcem-29-1-79. No abstract available.
Pearce EN, Lazarus JH, Moreno-Reyes R, Zimmermann MB Consequences of iodine deficiency and excess in pregnant women: an overview of current knowns and unknowns. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Sep;104 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):918S-23S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110429. Epub 2016 Aug 17.
RIGGS DS Quantitative aspects of iodine metabolism in man. Pharmacol Rev. 1952 Sep;4(3):284-370. No abstract available.
Stinca S, Andersson M, Erhardt J, Zimmermann MB Development and Validation of a New Low-Cost Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for Serum and Dried Blood Spot Thyroglobulin. Thyroid. 2015 Dec;25(12):1297-305. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0428. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
Wang Y, Cui Y, Chen C, Duan Y, Wu Y, Li W, Zhang D, Li F, Hou C Stopping the supply of iodized salt alone is not enough to make iodine nutrition suitable for children in higher water iodine areas: A cross-sectional study in northern China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Jan 30;188:109930. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109930. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
Xu T, Ren Z, Li S, Tan L, Zhang W The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2021 May 3;18(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s12986-021-00563-2.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.