Nutritional Requirements — Study on Physiologic Requirement and Dietary Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of Iodine in Children
Citation(s)
Aakre I, Strand TA, Moubarek K, Barikmo I, Henjum S Associations between thyroid dysfunction and developmental status in children with excessive iodine status. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 22;12(11):e0187241. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187241. eCollection 2017.
Andersson M, Karumbunathan V, Zimmermann MB Global iodine status in 2011 and trends over the past decade. J Nutr. 2012 Apr;142(4):744-50. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.149393. Epub 2012 Feb 29. Erratum In: J Nutr. 2012 Jun;142(6):1128.
Calza L, Fernandez M, Giardino L Cellular approaches to central nervous system remyelination stimulation: thyroid hormone to promote myelin repair via endogenous stem and precursor cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 2010 Jan;44(1):13-23. doi: 10.1677/JME-09-0067. Epub 2009 Jul 3.
Delshad H, Mirmiran P, Abdollahi Z, Salehi F, Azizi F Continuously sustained elimination of iodine deficiency: a quarter of a century success in the Islamic Republic of Iran. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018 Sep;41(9):1089-1095. doi: 10.1007/s40618-018-0838-8. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
Hynes KL, Otahal P, Burgess JR, Oddy WH, Hay I Reduced Educational Outcomes Persist into Adolescence Following Mild Iodine Deficiency in Utero, Despite Adequacy in Childhood: 15-Year Follow-Up of the Gestational Iodine Cohort Investigating Auditory Processing Speed and Working Memory. Nutrients. 2017 Dec 13;9(12):1354. doi: 10.3390/nu9121354. Erratum In: Nutrients. 2019 Jun 05;11(6):
Hynes KL, Otahal P, Hay I, Burgess JR Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 May;98(5):1954-62. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-4249. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
Lazarus JH Thyroid function in pregnancy. Br Med Bull. 2011;97:137-48. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldq039. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
Liu HL, Lam LT, Zeng Q, Han SQ, Fu G, Hou CC Effects of drinking water with high iodine concentration on the intelligence of children in Tianjin, China. J Public Health (Oxf). 2009 Mar;31(1):32-8. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdn097. Epub 2008 Oct 23.
Malvaux P, Beckers C, De Visscher M Iodine balance studies in nongoitrous children and in adolescents on low iodine intake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1969 Jan;29(1):79-84. doi: 10.1210/jcem-29-1-79. No abstract available.
Pal N, Samanta SK, Chakraborty A, Chandra NK, Chandra AK Interrelationship between iodine nutritional status of lactating mothers and their absolutely breast-fed infants in coastal districts of Gangetic West Bengal in India. Eur J Pediatr. 2018 Jan;177(1):39-45. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-3025-6. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
Pearce EN, Andersson M, Zimmermann MB Global iodine nutrition: Where do we stand in 2013? Thyroid. 2013 May;23(5):523-8. doi: 10.1089/thy.2013.0128. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
Zimmermann MB, Andersson M Update on iodine status worldwide. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2012 Oct;19(5):382-7. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328357271a.
Zimmermann MB, Ito Y, Hess SY, Fujieda K, Molinari L High thyroid volume in children with excess dietary iodine intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;81(4):840-4. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.4.840. Erratum In: Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jul;82(1):203.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.