Nursing — Mandala Activity and Adolescents With Cancer
Citation(s)
Kim, S -i., Ghil, J.-H., Choi, E.-Y., Kwon, O.-S., & Kong, M. A computer system using a structured mandala to differentiate and identify psychological disorders. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2014; 41 (2): 181-186.
Kostyunina, N Y., & Drozdikova-Zaripova, A. R. Adolescents' school anxiety correction by means of mandala art therapy. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education. 2016; 11 (6): 1105-1116.
Malchiodi, C A. Medical art therapy with children: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 1999,
Stinley, N E., Norris, D. O., & Hinds, P. S. Creating mandalas for the management of acute pain symptoms in pediatric patients. Art Therapy. 2015; 32 (2): 46-53.
Wagner, H The use of music and mandala to explore the client/therapist relationship in a therapeutic day school. Qualitative Inquiries in Music Therapy. 2012; 7.
The Effect of Mandala Activity on Psychological Symptoms, Anxiety and Depression Level of Adolescents Receiving Cancer Treatment
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
