Neuropathic Pain — Balance and Gait on Neuropathic Pain Due to Lumbar Disc Degeneration
Citation(s)
Al Nezari NH, Schneiders AG, Hendrick PA Neurological examination of the peripheral nervous system to diagnose lumbar spinal disc herniation with suspected radiculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J. 2013 Jun;13(6):657-74. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.02.007. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
Bonab M, Colak TK, Toktas ZO, Konya D Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation and Patients with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain. Turk Neurosurg. 2020;30(2):277-284. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.27499-19.2.
Frost LR, Bijman M, Strzalkowski ND, Bent LR, Brown SH Deficits in foot skin sensation are related to alterations in balance control in chronic low back patients experiencing clinical signs of lumbar nerve root impingement. Gait Posture. 2015 May;41(4):923-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.345. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
