Neurological Disorders — Valproic Acid Use in Patients With Neurological Disorders
Citation(s)
Bell JS, Whitehead P, Aslani P, McLachlan AJ, Chen TF Drug-related problems in the community setting: pharmacists' findings and recommendations for people with mental illnesses. Clin Drug Investig. 2006;26(7):415-25. doi: 10.2165/00044011-200626070-00003.
Nanaumi Y, Yoshitani A, Onda M Impact of interventions by a community pharmacist on care burden for people with dementia: development and randomized feasibility trial of an intervention protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2022 Jun 2;8(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s40814-022-01071-7.
Thakkar KB, Jain MM, Billa G, Joshi A, Khobragade AA A drug utilization study of psychotropic drugs prescribed in the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013 Dec;7(12):2759-64. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/6760.3885. Epub 2013 Dec 15.
Valproic Acid Use Evaluation in Patients With Neurological Disorders: a Retrospective and Prospective Analysis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
