Neurologic Manifestations — Training Cognitive Control Processes in Older Adults
Citation(s)
Blumen HM, Gopher D, Steinerman JR, Stern Y Training cognitive control in older adults with the space fortress game: the role of training instructions and basic motor ability. Front Aging Neurosci. 2010 Nov 11;2:145. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2010.00145. eColle
Stern Y, Blumen HM, Rich LW, Richards A, Herzberg G, Gopher D Space Fortress game training and executive control in older adults: a pilot intervention. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2011 Nov;18(6):653-77. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2011.613
Pilot Study Using a Video Game to Train Cognitive Control Processes in Healthy Older Adults
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
