Neurogenic Bladder — Efficacy Of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy On Neurogenic Bladder in Children With Myelomeningocele
Citation(s)
Amarante MA, Shrensel JA, Tomei KL, Carmel PW, Gandhi CD Management of urological dysfunction in pediatric patients with spinal dysraphism: review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus. 2012 Oct;33(4):E4. doi: 10.3171/2012.7.FOCUS12232. Review.
Baradaran N, Ahmadi H, Nejat F, El Khashab M, Mahdavi A Nonneural congenital abnormalities concurring with myelomeningocele: report of 17 cases and review of current theories. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2008;44(5):353-9. doi: 10.1159/000149900. Epub 2008 Aug 15.
Choe JH, Choo MS, Lee KS Symptom change in women with overactive bladder after extracorporeal magnetic stimulation: a prospective trial. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007 Aug;18(8):875-80. Epub 2006 Nov 30.
Ellsworth P, Cone EB Neurogenic detrusor overactivity: an update on management options. R I Med J (2013). 2013 Apr 1;96(4):38-40.
Fergany LA, Shaker H, Arafa M, Elbadry MS Does sacral pulsed electromagnetic field therapy have a better effect than transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with neurogenic overactive bladder? Arab J Urol. 2017 Mar 29;15(2):148-152. doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.01.007. eCollection 2017 Jun.
Juszczak K, Kaszuba-Zwoinska J, Thor PJ Pulsating electromagnetic field stimulation of urothelial cells induces apoptosis and diminishes necrosis: new insight to magnetic therapy in urology. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2012 Aug;63(4):397-401.
Kim JW, Kim MJ, Noh JY, Lee HY, Han SW Extracorporeal pelvic floor magnetic stimulation in children with voiding dysfunction. BJU Int. 2005 Jun;95(9):1310-3.
Madersbacher H Neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with myelomeningocele. Curr Opin Urol. 2002 Nov;12(6):469-72. Review.
Quek P A critical review on magnetic stimulation: what is its role in the management of pelvic floor disorders? Curr Opin Urol. 2005 Jul;15(4):231-5. Review.
Takahashi S, Kitamura T Overactive bladder: magnetic versus electrical stimulation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Oct;15(5):429-33. Review.
Wu HY, Baskin LS, Kogan BA Neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to myelomeningocele: neonatal versus childhood treatment. J Urol. 1997 Jun;157(6):2295-7.
Efficacy Of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy On Neurogenic Bladder in Children With Myelomeningocele
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
