Neurogenic Bladder — Neurogenic Bladder and Quality of Life in Patients With Stroke
Citation(s)
Best KL, Ethans K, Craven BC, Noreau L, Hitzig SL Identifying and classifying quality of life tools for neurogenic bladder function after spinal cord injury: A systematic review. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017 Sep;40(5):505-529. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2016.1226700. Epub 2016 Oct 13. Review.
Kim KJ, Heo M, Chun IA, Jun HJ; PhDc, Lee JS, Jegal H, Yang YS The relationship between stroke and quality of life in Korean adults: based on the 2010 Korean community health survey. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Jan;27(1):309-12. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.309. Epub 2015 Jan 9. Review.
Milsom I, Kaplan SA, Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Kopp ZS Effect of bothersome overactive bladder symptoms on health-related quality of life, anxiety, depression, and treatment seeking in the United States: results from EpiLUTS. Urology. 2012 Jul;80(1):90-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.04.004.
Panfili Z, Metcalf M, Griebling TL Contemporary Evaluation and Treatment of Poststroke Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;44(3):403-414. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2017.04.007. Review.
The Effects of Stroke Related Neurogenic Bladder on The Quality of Life: A Study of Turkish Population
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.