Ghiasuddin A, Wong J, Siu AM Complementary and alternative medicine practices, traditional healing practices, and cultural competency in pediatric oncology in Hawai' i. J Integr Med. 2016 Sep;14(5):374-9. doi: 10.1016/S2095-4964(16)60267-6.
Ladas EJ Integrative Medicine in Childhood Cancer. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Sep/Oct;24(9-10):910-915. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0224.
Ma Y, Chapman J, Levine M, Polireddy K, Drisko J, Chen Q High-dose parenteral ascorbate enhanced chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer and reduced toxicity of chemotherapy. Sci Transl Med. 2014 Feb 5;6(222):222ra18. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007154.
McCulloch M, Broffman M, van der Laan M, Hubbard A, Kushi L, Abrams DI, Gao J, Colford JM Jr Colon cancer survival with herbal medicine and vitamins combined with standard therapy in a whole-systems approach: ten-year follow-up data analyzed with marginal structural models and propensity score methods. Integr Cancer Ther. 2011 Sep;10(3):240-59. doi: 10.1177/1534735411406539. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Lu JF, Sherbourne CD The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Med Care. 1994 Jan;32(1):40-66. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199401000-00004.
Seely D, Wu P, Fritz H, Kennedy DA, Tsui T, Seely AJ, Mills E Melatonin as adjuvant cancer care with and without chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Integr Cancer Ther. 2012 Dec;11(4):293-303. doi: 10.1177/1534735411425484. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
Advanced Integrative Oncology Treatment for Adult and Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Prospective Outcomes Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
