Neonatal Disorder — A Survey of Neonatal Surgery Practices in India
Citation(s)
Bhatnagar SN, Sarin YK Current trends in neonatal surgery in India. J Neonatal Surg. 2012 Apr 1;1(2):18. eCollection 2012 Apr-Jun.
Lin T, Pimpalwar A Minimally invasive surgery in neonates and infants. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2010 Jan;15(1):2-8. doi: 10.4103/0971-9261.69133.
Puri A, Lal B, Nangia S A Pilot Study on Neonatal Surgical Mortality: A Multivariable Analysis of Predictors of Mortality in a Resource-Limited Setting. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2019 Jan-Mar;24(1):36-44. doi: 10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_30_18.
Siddharth V, Gupta SK, Agarwala S, Satpathy S, Goel P Outcome of Care Provided in Neonatal Surgery Intensive Care Unit of a Public Sector Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of India. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2019 Oct-Dec;24(4):257-263. doi: 10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_177_18.
Neonatal Surgeries in India: A Nationwide Survey Among Neonatal and Pediatric Specialists
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
