Cathcart E, McSweeney T, Johnston R, Young H, Edwards DJ Immediate biomechanical, systemic, and interoceptive effects of myofascial release on the thoracic spine: A randomised controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019 Jan;23(1):74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.10.006. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11:S240-52. doi: 10.1002/acr.20543. Review.
McLean SM, May S, Klaber-Moffett J, Sharp DM, Gardiner E Risk factors for the onset of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010 Jul;64(7):565-72. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.090720. Epub 2010 May 12. Review.
Rodríguez-Huguet M, Lomas-Vega R Response to the Letter to the Editor on "Effects of Myofascial Release on Pressure Pain Thresholds in Patients With Neck Pain: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial". Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Jan;98(1):e4-e5. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000986.
Effects of Dynamic Myofascial Release in Patients With Non-specific Neck Pain.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
