Myofascial Pain — Dry Needling and Low-level Laser Therapy to Treat Myofascial Pain
Citation(s)
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De Meulemeester K, Calders P, Dewitte V, Barbe T, Danneels L, Cagnie B Surface Electromyographic Activity of the Upper Trapezius Before and After a Single Dry Needling Session in Female Office Workers With Trapezius Myalgia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Dec;96(12):861-868. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000761.
Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L, Farina D, Madeleine P Gender-specific differences in electromyographic changes and perceived pain induced by experimental muscle pain during sustained contractions of the upper trapezius muscle. Muscle Nerve. 2005 Dec;32(6):726-33.
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Ilbuldu E, Cakmak A, Disci R, Aydin R Comparison of laser, dry needling, and placebo laser treatments in myofascial pain syndrome. Photomed Laser Surg. 2004 Aug;22(4):306-11.
Mata Diz JB, de Souza JR, Leopoldino AA, Oliveira VC Exercise, especially combined stretching and strengthening exercise, reduces myofascial pain: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2017 Jan;63(1):17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2016.11.008. Epub 2016 Dec 3.
Mejuto-Vázquez MJ, Salom-Moreno J, Ortega-Santiago R, Truyols-Domínguez S, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C Short-term changes in neck pain, widespread pressure pain sensitivity, and cervical range of motion after the application of trigger point dry needling in patients with acute mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Apr;44(4):252-60. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2014.5108. Epub 2014 Feb 25. Erratum in: J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Apr;45(4):329.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
