Musculoskeletal Pain — Posture and Musculoskeletal Pain in Dentists
Citation(s)
Csuhai EA, Nagy AC, Varadi Z, Veres-Balajti I Functional Analysis of the Spine with the Idiag SpinalMouse System among Sedentary Workers Affected by Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 11;17(24):9259. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249259.
Dawson AP, Steele EJ, Hodges PW, Stewart S Development and test-retest reliability of an extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E): a screening instrument for musculoskeletal pain. J Pain. 2009 May;10(5):517-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.11.008. Epub 2009 Apr 2.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.
Hayes M, Cockrell D, Smith DR A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals. Int J Dent Hyg. 2009 Aug;7(3):159-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00395.x.
Kapitan M, Pilbauerova N, Vavrickova L, Sustova Z, Machac S Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Symptoms Among Czech Dental Students. Part 2: The Predictive Value of Digital Assessment. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2019;62(1):6-11. doi: 10.14712/18059694.2019.39.
Kellis E, Adamou G, Tzilios G, Emmanouilidou M Reliability of spinal range of motion in healthy boys using a skin-surface device. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008 Oct;31(8):570-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.09.001.
Mannion AF, Knecht K, Balaban G, Dvorak J, Grob D A new skin-surface device for measuring the curvature and global and segmental ranges of motion of the spine: reliability of measurements and comparison with data reviewed from the literature. Eur Spine J. 2004 Mar;13(2):122-36. doi: 10.1007/s00586-003-0618-8. Epub 2003 Dec 6.
Ng A, Hayes MJ, Polster A Musculoskeletal Disorders and Working Posture among Dental and Oral Health Students. Healthcare (Basel). 2016 Jan 23;4(1):13. doi: 10.3390/healthcare4010013.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
