Musculoskeletal Diseases — Distribution of Knee Isokinetic Angle-specific Moments and Ratios
Citation(s)
Ardern CL, Taylor NF, Feller JA, Webster KE Fifty-five per cent return to competitive sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis including aspects of physical functioning and contextual factors. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Nov;48(21):1543-52. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093398. Epub 2014 Aug 25. Review.
Baumgart C, Welling W, Hoppe MW, Freiwald J, Gokeler A Angle-specific analysis of isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring torques and ratios in patients after ACL-reconstruction. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2018 Dec 6;10:23. doi: 10.1186/s13102-018-0112-6. eCollection 2018.
Gokeler A, Welling W, Zaffagnini S, Seil R, Padua D Development of a test battery to enhance safe return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017 Jan;25(1):192-199. doi: 10.1007/s00167-016-4246-3. Epub 2016 Jul 16.
Distribution of Knee Isokinetic Angle-specific Moments and Ratios: Searching for Normative Values in Healthy Subjects
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
