Musculoskeletal Diseases — Study on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Spanish Pianist
Citation(s)
Bragge P, Bialocerkowski A, McMeeken J A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors associated with playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in pianists. Occup Med (Lond). 2006 Jan;56(1):28-38. Epub 2005 Nov 7. Review.
Bruno S, Lorusso A, L'Abbate N Playing-related disabling musculoskeletal disorders in young and adult classical piano students. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2008 Jul;81(7):855-60. doi: 10.1007/s00420-007-0279-8. Epub 2008 Jan 22.
Honarmand K, Minaskanian R, Maboudi SE, Oskouei AE Electrophysiological assessment of piano players' back extensor muscles on a regular piano bench and chair with back rest. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018 Jan;30(1):67-72. doi: 10.1589/jpts.30.67. Epub 2018 Jan 27
Ling CY, Loo FC, Hamedon TR Knowledge of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Classical Piano Students at Tertiary Institutions in Malaysia. Med Probl Perform Art. 2016 Dec;31(4):201-204.
Ling CY, Loo FC, Hamedon TR Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Classical Piano Students at Tertiary Institutions in Malaysia: Proportion and Associated Risk Factors. Med Probl Perform Art. 2018 Jun;33(2):82-89. doi: 10.21091/mppa.2018.2013.
Yoshie M, Kudo K, Murakoshi T, Ohtsuki T Music performance anxiety in skilled pianists: effects of social-evaluative performance situation on subjective, autonomic, and electromyographic reactions. Exp Brain Res. 2009 Nov;199(2):117-26. doi: 10.1007/s002
Transversal Observational Study on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Spanish Pianist
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
