Muscle Weakness — Cold Therapy and Cross-Education of Muscle Strength
Citation(s)
Ehrensberger M, Simpson D, Broderick P, Monaghan K Cross-education of strength has a positive impact on post-stroke rehabilitation: a systematic literature review. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2016 Apr;23(2):126-35. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2015.1112062. Epub 2016 Feb 24. Review.
Lee M, Carroll TJ Cross education: possible mechanisms for the contralateral effects of unilateral resistance training. Sports Med. 2007;37(1):1-14. Review.
Sariyildiz M, Karacan I, Rezvani A, Ergin O, Cidem M Cross-education of muscle strength: cross-training effects are not confined to untrained contralateral homologous muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011 Dec;21(6):e359-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01311.x. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
Tokunaga T, Sugawara H, Tadano C, Muro M Effect of stimulation of cold receptors with menthol on EMG activity of quadriceps muscle during low load contraction. Somatosens Mot Res. 2017 Jun;34(2):85-91. doi: 10.1080/08990220.2017.1299004. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
The Effects Of Cold Application To The Intact Side In Addition Cross Training With NMES On Dorsiflexor Muscle Strength In Hemiplegia
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
