Muscle Weakness — Resistive Co-contraction Training After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Citation(s)
Begalle RL, Distefano LJ, Blackburn T, Padua DA Quadriceps and hamstrings coactivation during common therapeutic exercises. J Athl Train. 2012 Jul-Aug;47(4):396-405. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.01.
Biscarini A, Benvenuti P, Botti FM, Brunetti A, Brunetti O, Pettorossi VE Voluntary enhanced cocontraction of hamstring muscles during open kinetic chain leg extension exercise: its potential unloading effect on the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med. 2014 Sep;42(9):2103-12. doi: 10.1177/0363546514536137. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
Cho SH, Bae CH, Gak HB Effects of closed kinetic chain exercises on proprioception and functional scores of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Oct;25(10):1239-41. doi: 10.1589/jpts.25.1239. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Glass R, Waddell J, Hoogenboom B The Effects of Open versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Patients with ACL Deficient or Reconstructed Knees: A Systematic Review. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Jun;5(2):74-84.
Lobb R, Tumilty S, Claydon LS A review of systematic reviews on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation. Phys Ther Sport. 2012 Nov;13(4):270-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.05.001. Epub 2012 Jun 7. Review.
Tagesson S, Oberg B, Good L, Kvist J A comprehensive rehabilitation program with quadriceps strengthening in closed versus open kinetic chain exercise in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: a randomized clinical trial evaluating dynamic tibial translation and muscle function. Am J Sports Med. 2008 Feb;36(2):298-307. Epub 2007 Oct 16.
Randomized-controlled,Resistive Co-contraction Training Enhances Strength Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.