Muscle Tightness — Laser Therapy on Hamstring Muscle Among Young Adults
Citation(s)
Cejudo A, Centenera-Centenera JM, Santonja-Medina F The Potential Role of Hamstring Extensibility on Sagittal Pelvic Tilt, Sagittal Spinal Curves and Recurrent Low Back Pain in Team Sports Players: A Gender Perspective Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 16;18(16):8654. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168654.
Hughes T, Callaghan M BET 2: LASER THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE HAMSTRING MUSCLE INJURIES. Emerg Med J. 2017 Apr;34(4):266. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2017-206665.2.
Jozwiak M, Pietrzak S, Tobjasz F The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of hamstring muscle and plantar foot flexor shortening. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997 Jul;39(7):481-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07468.x.
Medeiros DM, Aimi M, Vaz MA, Baroni BM Effects of low-level laser therapy on hamstring strain injury rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther Sport. 2020 Mar;42:124-130. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.01.006. Epub 2020 Jan 10.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
