Muscle Soreness — Polyphenol Rich Supplementation on Markers of Recovery From Intense Resistance Exercise
Citation(s)
Alessio HM, Goldfarb AH, Cutler RG MDA content increases in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle with intensity of exercise in a rat. Am J Physiol. 1988 Dec;255(6 Pt 1):C874-7.
Blair SN, Cheng Y, Holder JS Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jun;33(6 Suppl):S379-99; discussion S419-20. Review.
Powers SK, Jackson MJ Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev. 2008 Oct;88(4):1243-76. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2007. Review.
Reid MB Invited Review: redox modulation of skeletal muscle contraction: what we know and what we don't. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Feb;90(2):724-31. Review.
Polyphenol Rich Supplementation on Markers of Recovery From Intense Resistance Exercise
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.