Multiple Trauma/Injuries — Ultrasound-guided Axillary Vein Catheterization in Trauma
Citation(s)
He YZ, Zhong M, Wu W, Song JQ, Zhu DM A comparison of longitudinal and transverse approaches to ultrasound-guided axillary vein cannulation by experienced operators. J Thorac Dis. 2017 Apr;9(4):1133-1139. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.137.
Wang HY, Sheng RM, Gao YD, Wang XM, Zhao WB Ultrasound-guided proximal versus distal axillary vein puncture in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Access. 2020 Nov;21(6):854-860. doi: 10.1177/1129729820904866. Epub 2020 Mar 1.
Zhou J, Wu L, Zhang C, Wang J, Liu Y, Ping L Ultrasound guided axillary vein catheterization versus subclavian vein cannulation with landmark technique: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Oct 28;101(43):e31
Ultrasound-guided Axillary Vein Catheterization in the Trauma Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
