Multiple Sclerosis — Observational Study of the Effect of Ozanimod on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Citation(s)
Billiard M, Broughton R Modafinil: its discovery, the early European and North American experience in the treatment of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, and its subsequent use in other medical conditions. Sleep Med. 2018 Sep;49:69-72. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.05.027. Epub 2018 Jun 6.
Cella M, Chalder T Measuring fatigue in clinical and community settings. J Psychosom Res. 2010 Jul;69(1):17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.10.007. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
Godin G, Shephard RJ A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985 Sep;10(3):141-6.
Induruwa I, Constantinescu CS, Gran B Fatigue in multiple sclerosis - a brief review. J Neurol Sci. 2012 Dec 15;323(1-2):9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.08.007. Epub 2012 Aug 27. Review.
Johns MW A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):540-5.
Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol. 1989 Oct;46(10):1121-3.
Miller P, Soundy A The pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the management of fatigue related multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Oct 15;381:41-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.012. Epub 2017 Aug 12. Review.
Palotai M, Cavallari M, Healy BC, Guttmann CR A novel classification of fatigue in multiple sclerosis based on longitudinal assessments. Mult Scler. 2020 May;26(6):725-734. doi: 10.1177/1352458519898112. Epub 2020 Jan 23.
Palotai M, Wallack M, Kujbus G, Dalnoki A, Guttmann C Usability of a Mobile App for Real-Time Assessment of Fatigue and Related Symptoms in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021 Apr 16;9(4):e19564. doi: 10.2196/19564.
Yang TT, Wang L, Deng XY, Yu G Pharmacological treatments for fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Sep 15;380:256-261. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.07.042. Epub 2017 Jul 28. Review.
Observational Study of the Effect of Ozanimod on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
