Multiple Sclerosis — Effectiveness of Cryotherapy on the Fatigue of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Citation(s)
Bouzigon R, Grappe F, Ravier G, Dugue B Whole- and partial-body cryostimulation/cryotherapy: Current technologies and practical applications. J Therm Biol. 2016 Oct;61:67-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.08.009. Epub 2016 Aug 27. Review.
Miller E, Kostka J, Wlodarczyk T, Dugué B Whole-body cryostimulation (cryotherapy) provides benefits for fatigue and functional status in multiple sclerosis patients. A case-control study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2016 Dec;134(6):420-426. doi: 10.1111/ane.12557. Epub 2016 Jan 18.
Pawik M, Kowalska J, Rymaszewska J The effectiveness of whole-body cryotherapy and physical exercises on the psychological well-being of patients with multiple sclerosis: A comparative analysis. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2019 Nov;28(11):1477-1483. doi: 10.17219/acem/104529.
Radecka A, Knyszynska A, Luczak J, Lubkowska A Adaptive changes in muscle activity after cryotherapy treatment: Potential mechanism for improvement the functional state in patients with multiple sclerosis. NeuroRehabilitation. 2021;48(1):119-131. doi: 10.3233/NRE-201535.
Zielinska-Nowak E, Wlodarczyk L, Kostka J, Miller E New Strategies for Rehabilitation and Pharmacological Treatment of Fatigue Syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med. 2020 Nov 7;9(11). pii: E3592. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113592. Review.
Effectiveness of Partial-body Cryotherapy on the Fatigue of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis During Readaptation Stay
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
