Multiple Sclerosis — Virtual Reality Approach in Multiple Sclerosis
Citation(s)
Andrews AW, Thomas MW, Bohannon RW Normative values for isometric muscle force measurements obtained with hand-held dynamometers. Phys Ther. 1996 Mar;76(3):248-59.
Arman N, Tarakci E, Tarakci D, Kasapcopur O Effects of Video Games-Based Task-Oriented Activity Training (Xbox 360 Kinect) on Activity Performance and Participation in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Mar;98(3):174-181. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001001.
Bao X, Mao Y, Lin Q, Qiu Y, Chen S, Li L, Cates RS, Zhou S, Huang D Mechanism of Kinect-based virtual reality training for motor functional recovery of upper limbs after subacute stroke. Neural Regen Res. 2013 Nov 5;8(31):2904-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.31.003.
Bjartmar C, Trapp BD Axonal and neuronal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and functional consequences. Curr Opin Neurol. 2001 Jun;14(3):271-8. Review.
Crayton H, Heyman RA, Rossman HS A multimodal approach to managing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2004 Dec 14;63(11 Suppl 5):S12-8. Review.
Earhart GM, Cavanaugh JT, Ellis T, Ford MP, Foreman KB, Dibble L The 9-hole PEG test of upper extremity function: average values, test-retest reliability, and factors contributing to performance in people with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2011 Dec;35(4):157-63. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e318235da08.
Hiller LB, Wade CK Upper extremity functional assessment scales in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a comparison. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Jun;73(6):527-34.
Peresedova AV, Chernikova LA, Zavalishin IA [Physical rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: general principles and high-tech approaches]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2013;(10):14-21. Review. Russian.
Rubin BD, Kibler WB Fundamental principles of shoulder rehabilitation: conservative to postoperative management. Arthroscopy. 2002 Nov-Dec;18(9 Suppl 2):29-39. Review.
The Effectiveness of Game-Based Virtual Reality Approach in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
