Multiple Sclerosis — Physical Activity Intervention for Improving Vascular Comorbidity Risk in Multiple Sclerosis
Citation(s)
Motl RW, Goldman M Physical inactivity, neurological disability, and cardiorespiratory fitness in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011 Feb;123(2):98-104. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01361.x.
Pilutti LA, Dlugonski D, Sandroff BM, Klaren R, Motl RW Randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention targeting symptoms and physical activity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2014 Apr;20(5):594-601. doi: 10.1177/1352458513503391. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
Pilutti LA, Dlugonski D, Sandroff BM, Klaren RE, Motl RW Internet-delivered lifestyle physical activity intervention improves body composition in multiple sclerosis: preliminary evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Jul;95(7):1283-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.03.015. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
Platta ME, Ensari I, Motl RW, Pilutti LA Effect of Exercise Training on Fitness in Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Sep;97(9):1564-1572. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.023. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
Physical Activity Intervention for Improving Vascular Comorbidity Risk in Multiple Sclerosis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
