Mothers — The Effect of Knitting on Mothers' Anxiety Levels During Pediatric Hernia Surgery
Citation(s)
Brooks L, Ta KN, Townsend AF, Backman CL "I just love it": Avid knitters describe health and well-being through occupation. Can J Occup Ther. 2019 Apr;86(2):114-124. doi: 10.1177/0008417419831401. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Kumar A, Das S, Chauhan S, Kiran U, Satapathy S Perioperative Anxiety and Stress in Children Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery and Their Parents: Effect of Brief Intervention-A Randomized Control Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019 May;33(5):1244-1250. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.08.187. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
Pollanen S The meaning of craft: craft makers' descriptions of craft as an occupation. Scand J Occup Ther. 2013 May;20(3):217-27. doi: 10.3109/11038128.2012.725182. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
Pomicino L, Maccacari E, Buchini S Levels of anxiety in parents in the 24 hr before and after their child's surgery: A descriptive study. J Clin Nurs. 2018 Jan;27(1-2):278-287. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13895. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
The Effect of Knitting on Mothers' Anxiety Levels During Pediatric Hernia Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
