Miscarriage, Recurrent — Use of Cyclosporin A for the Treatment of Recurrent Miscarriage
Citation(s)
Du MR, Dong L, Zhou WH, Yan FT, Li DJ Cyclosporin a improves pregnancy outcome by promoting functions of trophoblasts and inducing maternal tolerance to the allogeneic fetus in abortion-prone matings in the mouse. Biol Reprod. 2007 May;76(5):906-14. Epub 2007 Jan 17.
Du MR, Zhou WH, Dong L, Zhu XY, He YY, Yang JY, Li DJ Cyclosporin A promotes growth and invasiveness in vitro of human first-trimester trophoblast cells via MAPK3/MAPK1-mediated AP1 and Ca2+/calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathways. Biol Reprod. 2008 Jun;78(6):1102-10. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.063503. Epub 2008 Mar 5.
Du MR, Zhou WH, Piao HL, Li MQ, Tang CL, Li DJ Cyclosporin A promotes crosstalk between human cytotrophoblast and decidual stromal cell through up-regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction. Hum Reprod. 2012 Jul;27(7):1955-65. doi: 10.1093/humrep/des111. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
Du MR, Zhou WH, Yan FT, Zhu XY, He YY, Yang JY, Li DJ Cyclosporine A induces titin expression via MAPK/ERK signalling and improves proliferative and invasive potential of human trophoblast cells. Hum Reprod. 2007 Sep;22(9):2528-37. Epub 2007 Jul 18.
Huang YH, Ma YL, Ma L, Mao JL, Zhang Y, Du MR, Li DJ Cyclosporine A improves adhesion and invasion of mouse preimplantation embryos via upregulating integrin ß3 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014 Mar 15;7(4):1379-88. eCollection 2014.
Piao HL, Wang SC, Tao Y, Zhu R, Sun C, Fu Q, Du MR, Li DJ Cyclosporine A enhances Th2 bias at the maternal-fetal interface in early human pregnancy with aid of the interaction between maternal and fetal cells. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45275. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045275. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
Tang CL, Zhao HB, Li MQ, Du MR, Meng YH, Li DJ Focal adhesion kinase signaling is necessary for the Cyclosporin A-enhanced migration and invasion of human trophoblast cells. Placenta. 2012 Sep;33(9):704-11. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.06.007. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
Wang SC, Tang ChL, Piao HL, Zhu R, Sun Ch, Tao Y, Fu Q, Li DJ, Du MR Cyclosporine A promotes in vitro migration of human first-trimester trophoblasts via MAPK/ERK1/2-mediated NF-?B and Ca2+/calcineurin/NFAT signaling. Placenta. 2013 Apr;34(4):374-80. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.01.009. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
Wang SC, Yu M, Li YH, Piao HL, Tang CL, Sun C, Zhu R, Li MQ, Jin LP, Li DJ, Du MR Cyclosporin A promotes proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and migration of human cytotrophoblast cells via the mitgen-activated protein kinase-3/1-mediated nuclear factor-?B signaling pathways. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013 Sep 15;6(10):1999-2010. eCollection 2013.
Zhao HB, Tang CL, Hou YL, Xue LR, Li MQ, Du MR, Li DJ CXCL12/CXCR4 axis triggers the activation of EGF receptor and ERK signaling pathway in CsA-induced proliferation of human trophoblast cells. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e38375. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038375. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
Zhou WH, Dong L, Du MR, Zhu XY, Li DJ Cyclosporin A improves murine pregnancy outcome in abortion-prone matings: involvement of CD80/86 and CD28/CTLA-4. Reproduction. 2008 Mar;135(3):385-95. doi: 10.1530/REP-07-0063.
Zhou WH, Du MR, Dong L, Zhu XY, Yang JY, He YY, Li DJ Cyclosporin A increases expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 2 and invasiveness in vitro of the first-trimester human trophoblast cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Hum Reprod. 2007 Oct;22(10):2743-50. Epub 2007 Jun 12.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Cyclosporin A for Women With Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
