Woldeamanuel YW, Cowan RP Migraine affects 1 in 10 people worldwide featuring recent rise: A systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies involving 6 million participants. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Jan 15;372:307-315. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.071. Epub 2016 Dec 3. Review.
Woldeamanuel YW, Cowan RP The impact of regular lifestyle behavior in migraine: a prevalence case-referent study. J Neurol. 2016 Apr;263(4):669-76. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8031-5. Epub 2016 Jan 25.
Woldeamanuel YW, DeSouza DD, Sanjanwala BM, Cowan RP Clinical Features Contributing to Cortical Thickness Changes in Chronic Migraine - A Pilot Study. Headache. 2019 Feb;59(2):180-191. doi: 10.1111/head.13452. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
Woldeamanuel YW, Sanjanwala BM, Cowan RP Endogenous glucocorticoids may serve as biomarkers for migraine chronification. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2020 Jul 21;11:2040622320939793. doi: 10.1177/2040622320939793. eCollection 2020.
Woldeamanuel YW, Sanjanwala BM, Peretz AM, Cowan RP Exploring Natural Clusters of Chronic Migraine Phenotypes: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 18;10(1):2804. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59738-1.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Pilot Testing of a Behavioral Intervention for Chronic Migraine
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
