Charles A, Brennan KC The neurobiology of migraine. Handb Clin Neurol. 2010;97:99-108. doi: 10.1016/S0072-9752(10)97007-3.
Fedak EM, Zumberge NA, Heyer GL The diagnostic role for susceptibility-weighted MRI during sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Cephalalgia. 2013 Nov;33(15):1258-63. doi: 10.1177/0333102413491027. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Kao HW, Tsai FY, Hasso AN Predicting stroke evolution: comparison of susceptibility-weighted MR imaging with MR perfusion. Eur Radiol. 2012 Jul;22(7):1397-403. doi: 10.1007/s00330-012-2387-4. Epub 2012 Feb 10.
Launer LJ, Terwindt GM, Ferrari MD The prevalence and characteristics of migraine in a population-based cohort: the GEM study. Neurology. 1999 Aug 11;53(3):537-42.
Planche V, Chassin O, Leduc L, Regnier W, Kelly A, Colamarino R Sturge-Weber syndrome with late onset hemiplegic migraine-like attacks and progressive unilateral cerebral atrophy. Cephalalgia. 2014 Jan;34(1):73-7. doi: 10.1177/0333102413505237. Epub 2013
Oxygenation and Perfusion in Patients With Acute Migraine Attacks
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
