Metabolic Syndrome — ACtive Care After Transplantation, the ACT Study
Citation(s)
Corpeleijn E, Bakker SJ, Stolk RP Obesity and impaired renal function: potential for lifestyle intervention? Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(6):275-80. doi: 10.1007/s10654-009-9345-8. Epub 2009 May 7.
Kwakernaak AJ, Zelle DM, Bakker SJ, Navis G Central body fat distribution associates with unfavorable renal hemodynamics independent of body mass index. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 May;24(6):987-94. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012050460. Epub 2013 Apr 11.
van den Ham EC, Kooman JP, Christiaans MH, Nieman FH, van Hooff JP Weight changes after renal transplantation: a comparison between patients on 5-mg maintenance steroid therapy and those on steroid-free immunosuppressive therapy. Transpl Int. 2003 May;16(5):300-6. Epub 2003 Feb 20.
van den Ham EC, Kooman JP, Christiaans ML, van Hooff JP The influence of early steroid withdrawal on body composition and bone mineral density in renal transplantation patients. Transpl Int. 2003 Feb;16(2):82-7. Epub 2003 Jan 18.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.