Al-Qurashi FO, Yousef AA, Awary BH Epidemiological aspects of prematurity in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2016 Apr;37(4):414-9. doi: 10.15537/smj.2016.4.14309.
Athyros VG, Ganotakis ES, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis DP The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Educational Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005 Aug;21(8):1157-9.
Green SB How Many Subjects Does It Take To Do A Regression Analysis. Multivariate Behav Res. 1991 Jul 1;26(3):499-510. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7.
Grundy SM Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Apr;28(4):629-36. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092. Epub 2008 Jan 3. Review.
Ide M, Papapanou PN Epidemiology of association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes--systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Apr;40 Suppl 14:S181-94. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12063. Review.
Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Middleton P, Esposito M, Glenny AM Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 12;6:CD005297. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005297.pub3. Review.
International Diabetes Federation Information on the IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_Meta_def_final.pdf Accessed 2014 Apr 10.
Page RC, Eke PI Case definitions for use in population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2007 Jul;78(7 Suppl):1387-99. Review.
Penova-Veselinovic B, Keelan JA, Wang CA, Newnham JP, Pennell CE Changes in inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid following periodontal disease treatment in pregnancy: relationship to adverse pregnancy outcome. J Reprod Immunol. 2015 Nov;112:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.05.002. Epub 2015 May 27.
Sanz M, D'Aiuto F, Deanfield J, Fernandez-Avilés F European workshop in periodontal health and cardiovascular disease-scientific evidence on the association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases: A review of the literature. Eur Heart J Suppl 2010;12 Suppl B:B3-12
SILNESS J, LOE H PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. II. CORRELATION BETWEEN ORAL HYGIENE AND PERIODONTAL CONDTION. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964 Feb;22:121-35.
Association Between Periodontitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome Patients- Interventional Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
